Allergology

Allergology is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by an abnormal response of the immune system to environmental factors such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, or food. An allergist helps patients with symptoms of respiratory, food, and skin allergies, as well as conditions such as allergic asthma or urticaria. Proper diagnosis and tailored treatment can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Indications for an allergology consultation

You should consider seeing an allergist when symptoms suggest allergy or hypersensitivity. The most common indications include:

• recurrent sneezing, watery runny nose, or nasal congestion,
• itchy eyes, tearing, or redness of the conjunctiva,
• cough, shortness of breath, wheezing — especially after exposure to allergens,
• skin rashes, urticaria, atopic dermatitis,
• concerning reactions after eating certain foods,
• frequent or difficult-to-treat respiratory infections in children and adults,
• suspected allergic asthma or cross-allergies,
• reactions after insect stings or medications.

An allergist may also help patients with chronic symptoms whose cause has not yet been identified.

What does a consultation involve?

During an allergology consultation, the physician takes a detailed medical history regarding symptoms, their duration, severity, and triggering factors. Family history of allergic diseases is also analysed. Depending on the case, the specialist may perform or order:

• skin prick tests (inhalant and food allergens),
• blood tests (including total and specific IgE),
• spirometry with bronchodilator test — in case of suspected asthma,
• imaging studies of the sinuses or chest,
• contact allergy testing,
• additional tests depending on clinical suspicion.

Based on the results, the physician determines a treatment plan, which may include pharmacotherapy, allergen immunotherapy, or environmental modifications.

How to prepare for the consultation

• If possible, discontinue antihistamines at least 3–5 days before the visit (unless otherwise advised by your physician).
• Bring previous test results: skin tests, blood tests, spirometry, sinus X-rays, or other examinations.
• Prepare a list of current medications and information about previous allergic reactions.
• Note when symptoms occur, what worsens or relieves them, and possible allergens that may influence them.
• If reactions occur after specific foods, prepare a short list of suspected products.