Dermatology

Dermatology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair, and nails, as well as conditions resulting from autoimmune, allergic, or hormonal disorders. A dermatologist helps patients with chronic skin lesions, acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and suspected viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. Early consultation helps prevent disease exacerbations, select appropriate therapy, and improve the appearance and comfort of the skin.

Indications for a consultation

You should consider seeing a dermatologist when skin changes are concerning or persist despite treatment. The most common indications include:

• acne (teenage and adult),
• atopic dermatitis, eczema, chronic inflammatory skin conditions,
• psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis,
• pigmented lesions, moles, or new skin changes,
• ulcers, poorly healing wounds, purulent lesions,
• excessive hair loss, alopecia, scalp disorders,
• skin infections (bacterial, viral, fungal),
• allergic reactions, urticaria, contact dermatitis,
• suspected autoimmune diseases or unusual drug reactions.

A dermatologist also evaluates lesions that require monitoring, such as moles or pigmentation changes.

What does a consultation involve?

During the dermatology consultation, the physician takes a detailed medical history regarding symptoms, comorbidities, environmental factors, and previous treatments. The skin is then examined, and depending on need, the following may be performed or ordered:

• dermatoscopy of pigmented lesions,
• bacterial, fungal, or viral cultures,
• contact allergy testing,
• blood tests (e.g. hormonal or immunological panels),
• skin biopsy if histopathological evaluation is required,
• photographic documentation for treatment monitoring.

Based on the diagnosis, the dermatologist may prescribe topical, systemic, or laser therapy, or refer the patient for further evaluation.

How to prepare for the consultation

• Do not apply makeup or camouflage products to affected areas on the day of the visit.
• Bring previous dermatological documentation, including photos of lesions and a list of medications or ointments used.
• Note when symptoms appeared, how they change over time, and what worsens or improves them.
• If you have allergies or suspected allergens, bring a list of them.
• For scalp problems, it is best not to wash your hair immediately before the visit so that the skin can be properly assessed.