Geriatrics and palliative medicine
Geriatrics is a medical specialty focused on the comprehensive care of older adults, taking into account multimorbidity, functional impairment, and the needs associated with ageing. Palliative medicine, on the other hand, focuses on improving the quality of life of patients with chronic and progressive diseases requiring symptomatic support. Specialists in this field ensure the patient’s comfort, safety, and dignity, while also providing support to their family.
Indications for a consultation
You should consider seeing a geriatrician or palliative medicine specialist when an older patient presents with:
- recurrent or chronic pain,
- mobility problems, frequent falls, or weakness,
- memory disorders, disorientation, or suspected dementia,
- difficulties with medication management or the need to simplify treatment,
- significant decline in independence or daily functioning,
- progressive chronic diseases (e.g. heart failure, COPD, neurological diseases),
- persistent symptoms despite treatment, such as shortness of breath, nausea, sleep disturbances, or anxiety,
- the need for support in end-of-life care.
The specialist can also help when the family needs support in organizing care or improving the patient’s comfort.
What does a consultation involve?
During the consultation, the physician takes a detailed medical history regarding symptoms, past illnesses, medications, and the patient’s ability to perform daily activities. Based on this, the overall health status and medical needs are assessed. The doctor may also order:
- laboratory tests,
- imaging studies (X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan — if necessary),
- cognitive function assessment,
- evaluation of physical performance and independence,
- consultations with other specialists or physiotherapy.
In palliative medicine, the physician also focuses on pain control, management of symptoms such as dyspnoea, and psychological and social support for the patient.
How to prepare for the consultation
- Bring up-to-date test results and medical documentation (hospital discharge summaries, list of diagnoses).
- Prepare a list of all current medications, including supplements and as-needed drugs.
- It is helpful to write down concerning symptoms and situations in which they worsen.
- If the patient has communication difficulties, it is advisable that a family member or caregiver accompanies them during the visit.
- For palliative consultations, prepare information about previous symptomatic treatment and its effectiveness.
